How do you analyze impact loading and what is the dynamic load factor?

Impact loading produces higher stresses than static equivalent due to kinetic energy conversion. For falling weight: dynamic load factor n = 1 + √(1 + 2h/δst) where h is drop height and δst is static deflection. For sudden load, n = 2. Impact stress σimpact = n × σstatic. Material strain rate sensitivity increases yield strength (significant for steel above 100/s). Design uses energy methods and impact factors from codes, with generous safety margins.