How are cameras used as sensors in ADAS applications?

Cameras capture visual images similar to human vision, enabling: Lane detection (marking recognition), traffic sign recognition, traffic light detection, pedestrian and cyclist detection, vehicle detection and classification, and freespace detection. Types include monocular (single camera for 2D information plus object size estimation) and stereo (two cameras for depth perception). Cameras are mounted typically forward-facing behind windshield, side mirrors, and rear. Advantages include high resolution, color information, and low cost. Limitations include poor performance in low light, glare, and adverse weather. Image processing algorithms extract features from video frames.