How is vehicle aerodynamics developed from concept to production?

Aerodynamic development begins with CFD analysis in concept phase evaluating overall shape, followed by scale model wind tunnel testing to validate CFD and explore alternatives. Production development uses full-scale clay models in wind tunnels for fine-tuning with real wheels and underbody. Key focus areas include front end (cooling drag), underbody (flat floor, diffuser), rear end (wake management), wheels/tires, and A-pillar/mirror flow. Development includes thermal management (cooling airflow), soiling/water management, and aero-acoustics. Final validation uses production vehicles in wind tunnel and on-road coast-down testing.