How are modern vehicle hoods designed for pedestrian protection?

Pedestrian protection requires hoods to absorb impact energy and create clearance from hard components underneath. Design features include increased hood-to-engine clearance (typically >60mm), cone and bead patterns in inner panels for controlled deformation, soft mounting systems, and active hood lift systems that raise the hood in pedestrian impacts. Materials choice (aluminum vs steel) and inner panel design must allow energy absorption while meeting other requirements like flutter resistance and dent resistance.