What are the main components of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger?

Main components include: Shell (outer cylindrical vessel containing tube bundle), Tubes (where one fluid flows, typically the cleaner or higher-pressure fluid), Tube sheets (hold tubes at each end, separate shell and tube fluids), Baffles (support tubes and direct shell-side flow for better heat transfer), Channel/Head (distributes tube-side fluid), Nozzles (inlet/outlet connections), and Tie rods (support baffles). Optional components include expansion joints, impingement plates, and pass partition plates.