Compare batch distillation and continuous distillation operations.

Batch distillation processes a fixed charge, with composition changing over time - versatile for multicomponent separations in single column, suitable for small volumes, pharmaceutical/fine chemicals, and frequent product changes. Continuous distillation processes steady feed with constant compositions - more energy efficient, lower operating costs for large volumes, but requires larger capital investment. Batch is preferred below ~100 tons/year; continuous above ~1000 tons/year.