Compare different gasification technologies for syngas production.

Gasification technologies: Entrained flow (Shell, GE, Siemens) - high temperature (1300-1500C), feed as slurry or dry powder, short residence time, slagging operation, produces clean syngas, suitable for any feed. Fixed/moving bed (Lurgi, BGL) - lower temperature (600-1200C), lump feed, longer residence time, produces methane and tars requiring cleanup. Fluidized bed (HTW, KBR) - moderate temperature (900-1100C), handles fine particles, better heat transfer. Selection factors: feed characteristics (coal rank, ash properties), syngas application (hydrogen, power, chemicals), scale, and capital cost. Entrained flow dominates for large-scale chemical production (cleaner syngas). Gasification enables coal/petcoke to chemicals, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) for power, and carbon capture. Syngas composition varies: H2/CO ratio adjusted by water-gas shift for downstream application.