What is ISA-88 and how does it apply to batch control?

ISA-88 (S88) is the standard for batch control, providing terminology, models, and data structures. Key concepts: Physical Model (enterprise down to control module), Procedural Model (procedure, unit procedure, operation, phase), and Recipe Management (separates product knowledge from equipment). Benefits: consistent terminology, modular recipe development, equipment independence (same recipe on different units), and easier validation. Recipes contain header, formula, equipment requirements, and procedure. Phases are the executable elements. Promotes flexible, validated batch manufacturing.