What is split-range control and where is it applied?

Split-range divides controller output among multiple final elements, each operating over part of the output range. Example: pressure control with 0-50% output opens vent valve, 50-100% closes makeup valve. Applications: heating/cooling (steam 0-50%, cooling water 50-100%), pressure control with vent and makeup, and pH control with acid and base. Design considerations: proper sequencing to avoid fighting, characterization for smooth transitions, overlap or gap regions for stability, and correct fail-safe positions. Split points often at 50% but can be customized.