What are the main temperature measurement devices?

Main devices include: Thermocouples - two dissimilar metals generate voltage proportional to temperature, wide range (-200 to 2300C), robust, common types J, K, T, E, S, R; RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) - metal resistance changes with temperature, high accuracy, Pt100 common, range -200 to 850C; Thermistor - semiconductor, very sensitive, narrow range; IR/pyrometers - non-contact, for high temperature or moving objects. Selection based on range, accuracy, response time, environment, and cost.