What are the design considerations for modular process plants?

Modular design packages equipment into transportable modules built offsite. Considerations: Transport limits - modules sized for road/ship transport (typically <15m wide, <35m long, <500 ton). Equipment arrangement - maximize density within module envelope. Interface management - pipe connections, electrical, instrument signals at module boundaries clearly defined. Structural design - withstand transport loads, lifting stresses. Piping design - minimize field welding, pre-test in shop. Plot plan - modules arranged for crane access and hook-up. Schedule - parallel fabrication reduces project duration. Cost trade-off - higher engineering cost offset by lower field labor, faster schedule. Best for: remote locations, repetitive designs, and skilled labor shortage areas. Documentation must clearly distinguish shop vs. field scope.