How do you optimize reactor network configuration for complex reaction systems?

Optimization approach: define objective (maximize selectivity, minimize cost, maximize yield), map concentration-temperature attainable region using reaction invariants, apply optimal temperature and mixing policies based on kinetics (PFR for positive order, CSTR for negative order), use attainable region theory for geometric insights, formulate as MINLP (mixed integer nonlinear programming) for discrete decisions (reactor types, sequence), or use superstructure optimization. Consider practical constraints: heat integration, controllability, and operability. Software tools include GAMS, Aspen for optimization.