How is deflection controlled in reinforced concrete slabs?

Slab deflection is controlled through: (1) Span-to-depth ratios (L/d limits: cantilever 7, simply supported 20, continuous 26, adjustable for reinforcement ratio), (2) Adequate thickness based on serviceability calculations, (3) Proper amount of tension reinforcement (more steel = less deflection), (4) Construction dead loads during formwork removal, (5) Compression reinforcement reduces long-term deflection, (6) Cambering formwork for predicted deflection. Long-term deflection includes creep (2-3 times instantaneous) and shrinkage effects.