How are cost and schedule data integrated for project controls?

Cost-schedule integration: (1) Common Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) linking budget and schedule, (2) Cost-loaded schedule - assign budget to activities creating time-phased budget (Planned Value), (3) Progress measurement rules consistently applied for both cost and schedule, (4) Earned Value calculation using same basis, (5) Integrated reporting - cost variance, schedule variance, indices on same report, (6) Forecast at completion incorporating both perspectives. Integration requires coordinated cost and schedule coding, synchronized update cycles, and single source of truth for progress. Essential for effective EVM and project forecasting.