What distinguishes program management from project management in construction?

Program management oversees multiple related projects delivering strategic benefits. Distinctions: (1) Scope - multiple projects, longer duration, evolving scope vs fixed project scope, (2) Benefits realization - strategic objectives vs project deliverables, (3) Governance - program board, portfolio alignment vs project sponsor, (4) Resource management - shared resources across projects, optimization, (5) Risk - interdependencies between projects, aggregated risk, (6) Stakeholder complexity - multiple project teams, organizational interfaces. Program manager focuses on coordination, benefits tracking, and strategic alignment while project managers execute individual projects. Essential for infrastructure programs, campus development.