What are the key considerations in solid waste incineration?

Incineration thermally treats waste at 850-1100C, reducing volume by 90% and mass by 70%. Key considerations: waste calorific value (minimum 7 MJ/kg for self-sustaining combustion), moisture content, combustion air supply, residence time (>2 seconds), and temperature control. Emission controls required for particulates (ESP/baghouse), acid gases (scrubber), NOx (SCR), and dioxins/furans (activated carbon). Energy recovery through steam generation improves economics. Bottom ash may be used in construction; fly ash is hazardous.