Design a deformation monitoring system for a large dam.

Dam monitoring system design: establish stable reference points on bedrock away from influence zone. Install survey pillars with forced centering on dam crest and downstream face. Monuments at critical locations - maximum section, gallery intersections, contact zones. Measurement methods: precise leveling for settlement (0.1mm precision), geodetic network for horizontal displacement, automated total stations for continuous monitoring, GPS for absolute movement. Install EDM targets and prisms. Define measurement frequency based on risk - weekly during impounding, monthly for normal operation. Data management system with threshold alerts. Integration with geotechnical instruments (inclinometers, piezometers).