What are the types of errors in surveying?

Surveying errors are classified as: systematic errors (cumulative, caused by faulty equipment or techniques, predictable and correctable, e.g., incorrect tape length), random errors (accidental, unavoidable, follow normal distribution, reduced by multiple observations), and gross errors/mistakes (blunders due to carelessness, like wrong readings or booking errors). Error management involves proper calibration, standardized procedures, redundant measurements, and applying mathematical corrections.