Explain Mobile Mapping System (MMS) technology and its applications.

MMS integrates sensors on moving vehicle: GNSS receivers for positioning, IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) for orientation, LiDAR scanners for point cloud capture, and cameras for imagery. Direct georeferencing uses POS (Position and Orientation System) combining GPS/INS with Kalman filtering for trajectory at 200+ Hz. LiDAR point clouds and images referenced to this trajectory achieve 5-10cm accuracy. Applications: corridor mapping for highways and railways, asset inventory, pavement condition assessment, and clearance analysis. Post-processing improves accuracy using control points. Produces 3D models, orthoimages, and feature extraction for GIS.