What are the basic components of traffic signal timing?

Traffic signal timing includes: cycle length (total time for all phases to complete), green time (duration for movement to proceed), yellow/amber interval (warning before red, typically 3-5 seconds), all-red interval (clearance time for intersection), and phase sequence (order of movements). Effective green time accounts for start-up lost time and end-use extension. Timing is optimized based on traffic volumes, intersection geometry, and coordinated signal systems for arterial progression.