How is transit system capacity analyzed?

Transit capacity analysis (TCQSM) considers: (1) Line capacity - frequency x vehicle capacity, limited by terminal constraints, single-track sections, or vehicle availability, (2) Stop/station capacity - dwell time governs (alighting + boarding + door operation), platform capacity, fare collection, (3) Network effects - transfer coordination, fleet size optimization, (4) LOS measures - frequency, hours of service, service coverage, passenger loads. Bus capacity affected by traffic (benefit from dedicated lanes, signal priority). Rail capacity by signal/block lengths and dwell variability. Simulation for complex interchanges and terminals.