What are the principles of work zone traffic control design?

Work zone traffic control (MUTCD Part 6) involves: (1) Advance warning area - signs progressively warn of conditions, (2) Transition area - tapers merge traffic (L = WS^2/60 for speeds >45 mph), (3) Activity area - work space, buffer space, traffic space, (4) Termination area - return to normal. Temporary traffic control plan addresses detours, lane shifts, flagging, barriers, delineation. Factors: worker safety, road user safety, capacity maintenance, duration. Night work reduces user impacts but may increase worker risk. ITS applications include queue warning, dynamic merge systems.