How is flood risk assessment performed for floodplain management?

Flood risk assessment combines hazard and vulnerability: (1) Hazard analysis - flood frequency/magnitude, inundation mapping for multiple scenarios (10, 50, 100, 500-year), depths, velocities, duration, (2) Exposure analysis - inventorying assets in flood zones (buildings, infrastructure, people), (3) Vulnerability assessment - depth-damage functions relating flood depth to damage percentage by building type, (4) Risk quantification - expected annual damage (EAD) = integral of damage-probability curve. Risk mapping guides land use planning, insurance, emergency response. Climate change scenarios assess future risk evolution.