How does radar level measurement work and what affects its performance?

Radar level transmitters measure distance to liquid/solid surface using electromagnetic waves (typically 6-80 GHz). Pulse radar measures time-of-flight; FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) measures frequency difference between transmitted and received signals. Factors affecting performance: dielectric constant (low DC materials give weak reflections), surface conditions (foam, agitation), vapor/dust (can attenuate signal), obstructions (require proper antenna selection), and temperature/pressure effects on signal velocity. Guided wave radar provides reliable measurement in difficult conditions. Tank mapping algorithms learn and ignore false echoes. Non-contact operation suits corrosive and sanitary applications.