How does a synchronous generator supply power to the grid?

A synchronous generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by rotating a DC-excited rotor inside a three-phase stator winding. The rotating magnetic field induces AC voltage in stator windings at frequency f = (N x P)/120, where N is RPM and P is poles. Real power output depends on mechanical power input (turbine), while reactive power is controlled by field excitation. The generator must synchronize (match voltage, frequency, phase, sequence) before connecting to the grid.