What is the difference between inverting and non-inverting op-amp configurations?

In an inverting amplifier, the input signal is applied to the inverting terminal through a resistor, producing an output that is 180 degrees out of phase with gain -Rf/Rin. In a non-inverting amplifier, the input goes to the non-inverting terminal, producing an in-phase output with gain 1+Rf/Rin. Non-inverting has higher input impedance, while inverting offers virtual ground at the input.