What are common motor control techniques using microcontrollers?

DC motors: PWM for speed control, H-bridge for direction, current sensing for torque control. Stepper motors: Sequenced coil activation, microstepping via PWM for smoother motion, acceleration profiles for high speed. BLDC motors: Electronic commutation based on position (Hall sensors or back-EMF), trapezoidal or sinusoidal drive, FOC (Field Oriented Control) for efficient high-performance drives. Implementation requires: PWM timers with dead-time insertion, ADC for current sensing, encoder/Hall interfaces, and protection for overcurrent/thermal conditions. Dedicated motor control MCUs offer specialized peripherals.