How do you implement real-time digital filtering for process signals with minimal latency?

Low-latency digital filter implementation: use IIR filters for lower order (faster computation, less delay than equivalent FIR), implement as direct form II transposed for numerical stability, optimize for fixed-point DSP (scale coefficients to maximize dynamic range), consider minimum-phase designs over linear-phase where latency critical. For moving average or FIR when linear phase required, use symmetric coefficients and exploit coefficient symmetry to halve multiplications. Implement anti-windup for filters in control loops. Address: coefficient quantization effects, limit cycle oscillations in IIR (use dithering or higher precision), and saturation handling. Test actual group delay impact on control loop stability margins.