What is a DAC and where is it used?

A DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) converts digital values from a controller to analog output signals. The digital input (binary number) is converted to a proportional voltage or current output. Key specifications: resolution (bits), settling time (how fast output stabilizes), and linearity. DACs are used in control systems to generate 4-20 mA or 0-10 V signals for actuators, variable speed drives, and control valves. The resolution determines output granularity - a 12-bit DAC with 0-10 V range has approximately 2.44 mV steps.