How do you design high-speed differential signaling for noise-immune instrumentation data transmission?

High-speed differential signaling design: select appropriate standard (RS-485 for medium speed/distance, LVDS for high speed/short distance, CML for very high speed), implement proper termination (parallel termination at receiver equals characteristic impedance, AC coupling where DC component not needed), design controlled impedance PCB traces (100 ohm differential typical), ensure tight coupling of differential pairs (minimize loop area), and add common-mode chokes for EMI compliance. Address: skew between differential pair (matched length routing), stub length minimization, and ESD protection (low capacitance TVS). For long distances, consider cable equalization, pre-emphasis at transmitter, and CDR at receiver. Signal integrity simulation validates design before fabrication.