What are the key functions of a Battery Management System (BMS)?

BMS functions include: Cell voltage monitoring (ensuring no cell exceeds safe limits), State of Charge (SoC) estimation (using coulomb counting and voltage methods), State of Health (SoH) monitoring, Temperature monitoring and thermal management control, Cell balancing (passive or active, ensuring uniform cell performance), Current monitoring (preventing overcurrent), Communication with vehicle controller, and Fault detection/diagnostics. BMS protects the battery and optimizes its performance and lifespan.