What factors affect the real-world range of an electric vehicle?

EV range is affected by: Driving style (aggressive acceleration reduces range 20-30%), HVAC usage (heating can reduce range 30-40% in cold weather), Ambient temperature (battery efficiency drops below 0°C and above 35°C), Speed (aerodynamic drag increases with square of velocity), Terrain (hills require more energy), Payload, Tire rolling resistance, and Battery degradation (typically 2-3% per year). OEM-stated ARAI range often differs from real-world by 15-25%.