How are multi-body dynamics simulations used in vehicle development?

Multi-body dynamics simulations (Adams, Simpack, CarMaker) model vehicle as interconnected rigid/flexible bodies with joints, bushings, and force elements. Applications include: Full-vehicle handling simulations (lane change, steady-state cornering), Ride comfort analysis (4-post rig simulation), Durability load extraction for component fatigue analysis, Suspension kinematic and compliance characterization, ADAS scenario testing. Models are parameterized from component tests (K&C, damper dyno) and validated against track testing. Real-time capable models enable HIL testing and driving simulators. Typical models have 50-200 DOF.