What are the common defects in deep drawing and how do you prevent them?

Common deep drawing defects include: Wrinkling (insufficient blank holder force - increase BHF or use draw beads), Tearing (excessive stress - reduce BHF, increase die radius, use lubricant), Earing (anisotropy - optimize blank shape), Orange peel (large grain size - use finer grain material), and Scratches (poor lubrication or die surface - improve both). Process parameters to control: Blank holder force, Die/punch radii (typically 5-10x sheet thickness), Drawing ratio (limit ~2.0 for first draw), Lubrication, and Clearance (1.1-1.2x sheet thickness).