Compare different FSM encoding techniques in RTL design.

FSM encoding affects area, timing, and power. Binary encoding: minimum flip-flops (log2 N for N states), complex next-state logic. One-hot encoding: N flip-flops for N states, simple fast logic, larger area, preferred for FPGAs. Gray encoding: minimal bit transitions between adjacent states, good for low power and CDC. Enum encoding: compiler chooses, good readability. Synthesis directives or attributes guide encoding choice. One-hot typically faster but larger; binary denser but slower. Analysis should consider state machine size, performance requirements, and target technology.